Blue and white is one of the high-temperature underglaze colors, is the special name of white blue and white porcelain.Chinese blue-and-white porcelain firing began in the Tang Dynasty, after the development of the Yuan Dynasty, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties has been highly mature, and enduring.The Qing Dynasty blue and white porcelain with Jingdezhen kiln system as the representative, the past dynasties all have the extremely successful fine works to pass on, because of its clear, fresh and elegant color, beautiful and green, has been deeply loved by the people, therefore also often be copied by later generations.However, the types of blue and white flowers in the past dynasties were different, such as the shape of the instrument, the glaze, the blue and white material, the decoration, the recognition, and the color.

Ming Jiajing blue and white three sheep pattern bowl

organ type

The Ming Dynasty blue-and-white porcelain instrument type is sedate and dignified, Dunshi quaint, such as Hongwu period of the people’s pot, the market and so on.Even small pieces of equipment, such as small folding plate, is not a bit stingy, very big style.Technically, the Ming Dynasty cutters abdomen many fetal contact marks, such as Yongle, Xuande when the ribbon-like flat pot, such as see such objects for the abdomen of vertical Yi, after the possibility of imitation is very large.In addition, in the Ming Dynasty, in addition to Hongwu, Xuande, Jiajing, Wanli, other period is not common.After the Qing Dynasty, blue-and-white porcelain type light and novel, straight lines hard, large pieces more.

Hongwu blue and white flower pattern pot in Ming Dynasty

tire glaze

In the early Ming Dynasty, because the land was not refined, the embryo bone of blue-and-white porcelain was rough, but there were different situations in the same dynasty.For example, there is a thick and thin blue-and-white embryo in Yongle, while in Xuande, the blue-and-white embryo in Jiajing is less than fine except for some small objects.On glaze surface, early Ming Dynasty has both lack of luster, but also Yingrun thick;The medium-term is generally moist, late and is moist and dry astringent people have.Qing dynasty blue-and-white porcelain is a lightweight, fine quality, thin glaze, whiteness and transparency are better than the ming dynasty, bright color.Especially the blue-and-white porcelain of Kangxi period, the fetal quality is meticulous, firm and pure, have “glutinous rice juice” name.

Ming Yongle green flower twining pattern tin

green material

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the characteristics of porcelain were different because of the different green materials used in the dynasties.On the whole, the blue and white flowers of the Ming Dynasty were deep and implicit, such as Yongle and Xuande.The Qing Dynasty blue and white flowers appear clear floating, such as Kangxi, Yongzhi two dynasties.In particular, the use of the Ming Hongwu Qinghua Yuan Dynasty when the use of green materials, color gray-blue shade;Yongle, Xuande is used to import hemp from the green material, showing a rich color, there is obvious rust marks;When it is used is equal green, hair color light elegant, glaze moisture;Late Ming Dynasty is the use of recycled blue and white stone, blue and white deep purple;In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the green materials in Zhejiang were different in color.Qing Kangxi is the use of pearl materials, blue and white hair green, deep and different, has the “green and colorful” reputation.

Ming Xuande Green Flower Seawater Dragongrain Bowl

embellishment

Because of the emperor’s different preferences, different dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasty decoration fashion is also different.For example, the emperor liked traditional Chinese painting during the Ming and Xuande period.Masayoshi Islam is popular, on the blue-and-white porcelain see more Hui-wen, Koran decoration;When Emperor Kangxi was able to fight, the figure of Dao-Ma became a common subject of blue-and-white porcelain decoration.In the style of decorative style, the Ming and Qing Dynasties are also very different, the Ming Dynasty with freehand painting patterns for more, lines smooth, concise, powerful, but also a graphic pattern.The theme of decorative plants, animals, characters and so on, rich and elegant flavor of life, the pursuit of artistic conception.The Qing Dynasty took the realistic pattern as many, the artistic conception is popular, pays attention to the auspicious meaning.But most of the official kiln painting style is rigid, lack of life.

Ming Zheng De Qing Hua through flower dragon pattern bowl

Qu Shi

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were differences in the style of official kilns, the location of the pieces, the materials used for the books, the font, the arrangement of forms, etc.After the medium term, most of them are written in circles;When Qing Kangxi, the chopper more than a plaque, written in the mouth edge or abdomen, and so on.In addition, there are many copies of the need to pay attention to, such as Mingcheng more imitation Xuande, Apocalypse, Chongzhen more imitation Xuande, Chenghua;Qing Kangxi more copies of the Jiajing, Yongzheng more into the Huanhua, Emperor Qianlong more copies Xuande, and so on.No matter which dynasty imitated the former dynasty, it is unavoidable to have the characteristics of this dynasty, and the later copies are mostly free to write, the font and layout are different from the former dynasty, even if it is carefully described, it will inevitably show.It is not difficult to see the flaw in an appraisal if it is carefully identified.