Decryption!The Problems of the Porcelain of Jingdezhen and the People’s Kiln of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

and imitation Xuande blue-and-white twined flower pattern bowl

As early as the Ming Dynasty, the officials of Jingdezhen and the people’s kilns began to make copies of the former dynasty’s acquaintance on porcelainAccording to Liu Xinyuan of the late Jingdezhen Archaeological Institute,36 blue-and-white lion ball bowls of “Daming Xuande year” were found in the first stage of the Ming Dynasty, and 16 small bowls of green flowers and flowers of “Xuande year” were found in the third stage of the strata.This batch of Xuande porcelain through the comparison, whether the glaze, modelling or decorative, are pure into the style of porcelain, it can be seen that the porcelain must be the first generation of embryo glaze, modeling characteristics as the main basis.

Ming Dynasty Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua three official kiln porcelain has long been well-known, is the imitation of the past dynasties.Beijing Palace Museum has a Ming Xuande green flower twining flower pattern plate, another Ming Zhengde imitation of the Xuande green flower flower pattern plate, two objects in the shape, decorative decoration, recognition and other aspects are exactly the same, do not know its true age and how to distinguish their nuances?This requires the use of our daily accumulation of experience and knowledge to judge.

Xuande blue-and-white porcelain has several notable features, among which the more prominent are:1. The blue-and-white material used for the decoration is” Su Ma Li Qing “, commonly known as” Su Material”, which is blue-colored and has black-and-brown spots;2. The glaze has orange peel pattern, commonly known as” orange peel brown eye “;3. The decorative painting is bold, bold and powerful;4. The style is written in different sizes and colors, which makes it impossible for later generations to imitate.

And the characteristic of the green flower of Zhengde is:1. The green flower material is a pebble-green produced in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province, which is also called no-name son.Green color in the gray, as Xuande thick green.Although not thick, but very stable hair color, late Zhengde to change back to green, rich hair color, and after the Jiajing blue and white similar;2. There is no orange peel on the glaze, which is more smooth and smooth;3. The structure is loose and the font is large.Therefore, it is not difficult to distinguish the differences between them. It can be seen that the accumulation of traditional experience is very important for porcelain generation.

Such as the Beijing Palace Museum hidden Ming Jiajing red-colored fish plate, plate bottom book “Daming Xuande year” green flower style, this plate fish pattern painting method for Jiajing typical “yellow red” technique, for fake porcelain;Beijing Cultural Relics Exchange Center has a collection of tomorrow’s Qinghua Bogutu plate, the bottom of the book “Daming Chenghua year.”

In the late Ming Dynasty, the porcelain industry was influenced by the style of imitation antiquities. There were a lot of fake porcelain in the blue-and-white porcelain of the folk kilns, not only in Xuande or Chenghua, but also in other dynastiesSuch as” Daming Tianshun year “,” Daming Zhengde year “and so on, this kind of fake porcelain mostly plates, bowls, decorative simple bold, blue and white hair color some elegant, some of the green bright, casual style of writing.It is not difficult to see from the above situation that the ancient ceramic style knowledge is not to write which dynasty of the article knowledge is which dynasty of the utensils, or to tire glaze, decorative features as the primary basis for the death of the generation.

a chart of the characters’ stories in “Menghu Qiyuan”

In the Qing Dynasty, there were a lot of fake porcelain, especially the blue-and-white porcelain and multicolored porcelain in the Qing Kangxi Dynasty. There were more fake money in “Daming Xuande year” and “Daming Chenghua year”, as well as in other Ming dynasties.

The characteristics of this kind of pseudo-porcelain in Qing Dynasty have nothing to do with the age when it was recognized, such as the Qing Dynasty Kangxi Qinghua “Dream Tiger” character story plate, the Pan Di Book “Daming Chenghua” year of the false money;Qing Dynasty Kang Xi green flower Dao Ma character story plate, the bottom book “Daming Jiajing year” green flower fake money.The two blue-and-white plates are typical of the Qing Dynasty, and the blue-and-white-colored emerald orchids are decorated with pictures of happy characters and stories, and the paintings are vivid. Although they are fake porcelain, they are also of great artistic value.