Introduction of the Blue and White Porcelain of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty and Appreciation of the Blue and White Porcelain of Hongwu in the Forbidden City

Forbidden City, Hongwu flowers and flowers in the Ming Dynasty

The Ming Hongwu Dynasty (1368-1398 AD, the Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang year) lasted 30 years.Not long after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty set up the Imperial Kiln Factory in the Zhushan of Jingdezhen, which became the earliest official kiln in Jingdezhen of Ming Dynasty.The ruins of Jade Belt River in the Palace Museum of the Ming Dynasty have been discovered in the Nanjing Museum. Although they are remnants of porcelain, a large number of specimens of folk kilns have been unearthed in the areas of Nanjing and Jiangxi.Generally speaking, the blue-and-white porcelain of the Hongwu Dynasty inherited the style of the Yuan Dynasty.The shape of the device is large, the body is thick and thick, the color of the blue and white flowers is gray, the decorative lines of the pattern are coarse and unrestrained, which changes the style of the Yuan Dynasty with many layers and full patterns, and tends to be more white.

Here from the body of the Ming Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain, Ming Hong-wu blue-and-white porcelain material, Ming Hong-wu blue-and-white porcelain shape and decorative and other aspects, Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain do a more detailed introduction, at the same time displayed the Beijing Palace Museum collection Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain treasures.

Forbidden City, Tibet, Hongwu blue and white flowers, twined branches, flower pattern bowl

Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain matrix

Forbidden City, Hongwu blue and white flowers, peony pattern jade pot, spring vase

Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain

Hongwu kilns green flowers mainly use low iron content, high manganese content and underrefined domestic green materials, the color blue with a gray tone, light gray, some iron rust spots deep in the fetal bones, this is due to cobalt materials containing metal manganese, iron and other impurities.A part of the light blue color, stable color, non-faint, color density can often be seen scattered with a number of small impurities, on the contrary, showing the level of blue and white.There is also a light color containing dark blue spots, a small number of faint.

In the shape of more or less inherited the Yuan Dynasty’s ancient style of the palace porcelain, especially the kilns, such as skipping plates, bowls, the middle of the lower body gradually thick, some of the same as the Yuan porcelain, or broken waist, or the center of the body left a stack of burning pad traces.Ornamental kiln is some innovation, the intention is to get rid of the heavy style of Yuan porcelain, for the beautiful elegant Yongle porcelain has laid the foundation.

Forbidden City Tibet Hongwu blue and white cloud dragon pattern plate

The main body of the holding pot is in the style of jade jug spring jug, which is also called jade jug spring jug, and there are two kinds of size.Large general height about 30 cm, small about 20 cm high, the main body for small abutment or small straight mouth, slender neck, obliquely shoulder abundant abdomen, full abdomen.The long flow is curved, the flow mouth is lower than the pot mouth, the flow mouth is connected with the pot body with a cloud-shaped tie, the other side is a handle with a high shape, the top of the handle is flat with the pot mouth, the pot cover is a pagoda-shaped dome, and the top has an interpolated fire pearl button, the overall shape is compared with the spring bottle of the jade pot at the same time, The shoulder abdomen is slightly thin small, the lower abdomen sinks to appear the round abdomen shape.

The jade pot spring bottle modelling and Yuan Dynasty basically same, also has the size two kinds, only the neck is plump some, the abdomen slightly sinks, the circle foot is low.

The diameter of rhombus palps is about 20 cm, the wide plate is folded along rhombus mouth, shallow arc wall, outer wall is eight-petal lotus shape, the inner side of rhombus brackets has a rhombus, which is used to place the fixed cup.Shallow circle foot, for Hongwu period unique shape system.

The diameter of rhomboid mouth is in 40 to 55 cm, rhomboid mouth is shaped, disk mouth is 12 or 16 lotus shape, wide plate is folded along, shallow abdomen, arc wall, short circle foot, fine sand bottom, generally more molding.

Extra large bowl diameter in 40 to 55 cm, mouth-shaped, straight mouth, round lips, curved deep abdomen, upright circle foot.

Forbidden City, Hongwu, Qinghua, broken branches, flower patterns, large market

Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain modeling

Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain is mainly painted, supplemented by stacking process.Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain decoration painting layout is sparse, concise and smooth, changing the Yuan Dynasty multi-level layout, decorative and elaborate characteristics, leaving more white land.The painting of the official kiln utensils is more delicate and delicate, the painting method is neat and neat, the painting of the folk kiln ware is more natural and realistic, and the painting is simple and unrestrained, creating the early Ming Dynasty “a stroke of points and strokes”.

Compared with the patterns of Yuan Dynasty, Hongwu Qinghua has shown some characteristics of its own times, such as the level of decoration began to decrease, the leaves of camellia leaves and banana leaves white leaves do not fill the color, passionflower leaves and peony leaves generally reduced, obviously thin, and produce deformation, Some leaves have obvious acuminate phenomenon.The chrysanthemum lines are painted into flat ellipsoid, which has the characteristics of the times.Most of the creased or tangled lotus lines were screw-shaped, while the most twisted lotus lines in Yuan Dynasty were cucurbit-shaped.At the same time, the shape of the leaves in Yuan Dynasty was larger, and the leaves were larger than those in Hongwu.The layout of the pattern gradually became sparse, began to change the Yuan Dynasty decorative multi-level, full of pattern style.

Hongwu Qinghua official kiln ware has not seen a year so far.There is only one plum vase, shoulder seal book “Chun Shou” word.The kiln blue-and-white ware also did not have a year’s worth.

Forbidden City, Tibet, Hongwu, Qinghua, bamboo and stone, Ganoderma lucidum grain plate

Most of the dragon patterns are painted with clouds and dragons. The image is not as fierce as the Yuan Dynasty.The faucet is small, thin neck, boa body, make take-off shape, the head portrays simple, single angle or double angle, the faucet has the hair that sweep backward mostly, later picture has vertical hair.Claw has three claw to five claw, three claw more, between the claws drawn more separate, in the shape of a wheel.Scale is small circular arc, left white edge, three-dimensional strong sense.Often accompanied by moire, cloud-shaped thick short, in the form of a pictograph arrangement, bent to one side.

It is similar to the Yuan Dynasty. It leaves white on one side of the lotus petals at the top of the flower. It shows the interval between the petals and the level of the flowers. The leaves around the patch are the thin, screw-shaped curly leaves, which are more realistic than those in the Yuan Dynasty.

芭蕉纹蕉叶宽大而丰满，蕉叶中心的主茎脉双线勾绘成平行竖线，中间留白不填色，两片蕉叶间叠有一片蕉叶，叶尖稍圆，叶子边缘绘成细碎且密集的锯齿状，轮廓线用复笔渲染。

莲花纹花蕊有石榴形、圆形，四周绘有连珠纹的圆形花蕊。花瓣绘成麦粒形或变形莲瓣形。叶子比元代瘦小些，像螺丝形。

菊花纹以扁菊花为多，扁菊花纹呈圆形，花心绘斜网状或螺旋状。花蕊外部用双线勾描轮廓。花瓣有两层和三层，最里层为白色小花瓣，只用线描而不上色；外层花瓣填色，每个花瓣顶部和一侧都留白边，表现出花瓣的层次。菊花叶子一般绘成葫芦状，叶子两侧各有一或两个分叉，显得画面较活泼。

Hongwu blue-and-white porcelain