Appreciate and collect the knowledge of the blue-and-white porcelain

There was no mention of blue-and-white porcelain in the records of the Yuan Dynasty, until the 1950s, when Dr. Pope of the United States based a pair of blue-and-white Yunlong elephant-ear bottles with an 11-year (1351) edition on the collection of Great Wade by the British. A comparative study was made on the large number of Yuanhua porcelain collected by the Adbil Palace Museum in Iran and Istanbul Museum in Turkey, and the concept of Zhengzheng blue-and-white porcelain was put forward, which led to the international upsurge in the study of Chinese Yuanhua porcelain.

The creation of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty was an epoch-making event in the history of ceramics.From then on, the color porcelain with blue and white as the main body became the mainstream variety of porcelain, and the color glaze, which had always occupied the mainstream position in the past, fell into the secondary position.Therefore, the historical and artistic value of the Yuan Qing Hua has been recognized by the academic circles, and has immediately attracted the attention of the art collectors.

As for the Yuanqing porcelain, the grade is not the same, in fact there are different grades.Shape, patterns are very exquisite belong to the first-class treasures;The smaller type, the slightly simple decorative can be classified into two and three levels.

The body of the blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty was somewhat white and the glaze was pure and transparent.Some foetuses are grayish-white or milder than others.The blue-and-white color on the surface of the device will produce different colors due to the different sources of the material.

The blue and white materials used in the Yuan Dynasty were made of domestic blue and white materials, the former was blue-gray or blue-black, the latter was as bright as sapphire, and there would be black spots of natural condensation, which was the standard color of fine blue and white porcelain.

In Yuan Dynasty, there were many methods of painting blue and white patterns, some of which were first outlined and then filled with color, while others were directly described with brush-dipped cobalt.According to the needs of various kinds of decorative brush, drawing with rough brush or fine brush respectively, the strokes are really sharp and often produce unique style on the patterns of flowers or dragon lines.

The blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty has a very rich shape change, the production technology has the unique style of the porcelain craftsman of the Yuan Dynasty.Its blue-and-white decorative subject matter content is also all-inclusive, its application of all-round layout method, but also in the visual creation of a rich level, the beauty of the pattern red tape.

In Yuan Dynasty, Qinghua was also guided by the demand of consumer areas, using domestic and foreign raw materials to make the shape with the characteristics of traditional Chinese porcelain, and the decoration of various Chinese and Western subjects, with rich colors and rich beauty, which made it impossible to reproduce. A unique style that is irreplaceable.

Because of the motif of the Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white porcelain, the imported materials are no longer available, and the techniques of painting with a brush are also different, plus age-old, the Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white porcelain under the glaze has its distinctive rules and regulations characteristics, especially in the naked eye can not be distinguished from the very small, Underglaze blue-and-white appearance of scattered, and then the bottom of the age of the environment left reasonable traces of the use of these work is not possible.

Characteristics of Yuanqing porcelain

In the Yuan Dynasty, the overall characteristics of porcelain modeling are thick, solid and magnificent, especially the high-grade fine porcelain, including the right type of blue and white, which is particularly obvious.It has to do with the bold nature of the Mongols, and it has to do with exports.The most important type of blue-and-white flower is the large market, and the most handed-down products are the large market, and the majority of these ancient Yuan-Qing-Hua market in Iran and Turkey in the National Museum, is the legacy of the former palace.This indicated that the Yuan Qing Hua at that time was mainly to sell back rich Minayi painted pottery of Iran.Of course, there is also the large-scale Longquan kiln.This is a new style that has not been found before in our country. It’s made up of Islamic people’s eating habits and put food on carpets.The plate was three feet in diameter, but it was extremely flat and unwarped.The style of the disc is folded edge, and the edge of the board is very wide, more than two inches, suitable for hand moving, divided rhombus flower and circular two kinds.The rhomboid type has ten, twelve, and sixteen lobes.Ten and sixteen were the round bodies of the mouth of the flower;Twelve-petal flower mouth, flower body, flower foot through the body rhomboid style, each of the same size, very exquisite production, especially exquisite.

. ..the garnish of a blue-and-white flower.

The characteristic of the pattern is that it has not only the decorative form of some Western Asian art, but also the appearance of the traditional Chinese folk pattern. The layout is dense and the style is gorgeous and warm, which is very similar to the pattern and effect of the brocade at that time.From the history of ceramic art development, the Yuan Qinghua not only the number of decorative patterns far exceeded the Song Dynasty Cizhou kiln black-colored patterns, performance techniques are also very skilled and superb, the picture is exquisite and vivid.

Western Asia’s specialty flower-dahlia, also known as passionflower twining pattern is the most common pattern of the Yuan Qing flower, is also China’s porcelain main decorative.The motif of Yuan Qing Hua is divided into many layers, less two or three layers, up to seven or eight layers, but it is divided into two kinds of main and auxiliary lines, the belly of the jar and the center of the plate main lines, there are common sea dragon, Yunlong, phoenix, unicorn, peacock, horse, lion, fish algae, grass insects, peony, camellia, Songzhu plum, mandarin duck lotus, morning glory, garden bamboo and stone plantain and cross pestle, auxiliary lines have Ruyi cloud shoulder, tangled flowers, banana leaves, waves, fish scales, turtle shell, money, back lines, lock chain, miscellaneous treasure deformation lotus, etc., very rich.

To the right type green green hair color green rich, blue and white decorative strokes some faint, thick and weak against each other, change naturally, the thickest part into black and deep in the fetal bones, and send out black flash silver iron spots.Touch the glaze with your hand, and the black will sink deep into the fetal bone.

No matter the size of the platter, bowl, cup, calyx of the genus, all inside and outside the picture flowers, there are white background blue flowers, also have blue background white flowers, and white background blue flowers and blue background white flowers are interwoven in different levels.Some of the white flower protuberance, a low-relief shape, for pre-carved in the embryo, you can see the essence of the production of Yuanqing.

Characteristics of Typhoon Glaze

The Yuan Dynasty began to use the high-quality ceramic soil and porcelain stone of the high-quality two-element configuration of ceramic tyres, the quality of the body has been more than the Song Dynasty shade glass degree of high, solid and delicate, but still contain metal impurities, so after burning out, there are more sand holes, brush marks and iron spots at the bottom of the sand, Some still show red spot at base foot, mouth edge and shrink glaze, commonly known as” flint red “.

The Yuan-Qing-Hua general instrument is huge, appears clumsy, the body is thicker and heavy than other times porcelain.Fix the tire also not fine, big pot, big bottle and so on, interface turning is not meticulous, touch with the hand more bumpy;It is not easy to burn large equipment, so it is inevitable that there will be such defects as warping, flattening, concave center and collapse bottom.

The glaze color of Yuanqing is blue-white in general, green in early stage, and the glaze is thick, often drooping tear mark, the color of the tear mark is more grey.In the late stage, especially in the right type of fine products, glaze is suitable for thick and thin, glaze color transparent close to white.In the instrument, the glaze is thin and thin, and the mark is more obvious.

the identification of Yuan-Qing-hua

With the increasing price of yuanqing flower in the international market, there are more and more imitations.The method of identifying the imitation of Yuanqing flower needs to be familiar with the characteristics of rare things.The number of green flowers is not only a few, varieties and styles are not many, only the large market, large-cap cans, plum bottles, jade jug spring bottles and so on several, as long as you remember these patterns, any new hard-made tools will not confuse people.For high imitators, it is necessary to make a careful comparison from the aspects of modelling, fetal quality, enamel, blue and white hair color, picture and painting.Some small features should be noted especially, such as the Yuan Qing Hua, whether cup, bowl or general circle full bowl, dish, the bottom of the heart of any exposed fetus has a navel-shaped bulge;A large jar with a cover, such as a plum jar, has a layer of mouth inside the lid, just the jar, jar mouth cover;The flowers of the tangled flowers are very plump and large, the leaves are gourd-shaped, with one to five valves;Dragon and phoenix are very thin neck, appear very flexible head.Dragon for three-claw, sharp as steel hook;Chicken head eagle mouth, a number of tail feathers floating like ribbon.